Society volunteers offer a limited research service to members for a reasonable
Gdansk: http://www.ap.gdansk.pl/english/linki/poland.php, The Archives of New Records
One of them was a cook in the hospital and worked with the local natives in the kitchens, writes Elizabeth Taylor, in her 2012 book Next Stop to Siberia about the members of her family who were deported to Russias Siberian Gulag labour camps and who were later exiled to East Africa.
This utter lack of concern brought about a crisis of unimaginable proportions. and demanded "Why can't they stay here?" Warszawa Poland, The Head Office of State Archives
During the two great evacuations (the first, between March 24 and the beginning of April 1942; the second, between August 10 and September 1, 1942), from Krasnovodsk across the Caspian Sea to Pahlavi (Iran), and the smaller overland evacuations from Ashkhabad to Mashhad (in March and September 1942), about 115,000 people (including some 37,000 civilians, of whom about 18,300 were children) left the Soviet Union. Jewish Ghetto Police were to arrest non-Jews who made purchases in stores exclusively designated for the Jews or brought merchandise or food with them. For tens of thousands the Soviet Union became their final resting place before the war's end. Language--P. Varshava, 1990. page http://www.archiwa.gov.pl/, PIASA: http://www.piasa.org/polisharchives.html
Among people who stayed there was Bogdan Czaykowski. Additional Polish transports arrived in late 1943. Home. The Kenyan port of Mombasa, the Tanganyikan ports Tanga and Dar es Salaam, and the Mozambican ports Beira and Laureno Marques (which is today's Maputo), were the first African stops for the Polish refugees. That was when Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin signed a non-aggression pact that divided several eastern European. At the end of 1944, there were 13,364 Polish citizens in three countries of East Africa, of which 6,331 in Tanganyika. Regards, Richard P. From Videofact International, Documentary Press, here is Part 1:
These included 200,828 ethnic Poles, 90,662 Jews, 31,392 Ukrainians, 27,418 Belorussians, 3,421 Russians, and 2,291 persons of other nationalities. During World War Two, close to 20,000 Polish people found refuge in African countries. Unlike the Soviet Union, these were, after all, ancient civilized cultures. For two years, freight trains ferried entire Polish families across the greater Kresy region to Kazakhstan and luckily, over 110,000 Poles among them 36,000 women and children, managed to leave the Soviet Union with the Polish forces. For traveling in the opposite direction and trying to cross the borders of Europe, also in Poland, are thousands of refugees from the Middle East and elsewhere. In mid-1944, East Africa hosted over 13,000 Polish citizens. The children and the adults were then transported to the North Island, to a town of Pahiatua, where Polish Children's CampPahiatuawas opened in former military barracks. Tyrsa. Altogether, between 1942 and 1947, Polish schools in Palestine had 1,632 students. Locals from Tengeru and the Poles even sometimes celebrated mass together, said Devlin, the head of the Center for Flight and Migration at Germany's Catholic University of Eichsttt-Ingolstadt. They were boys and girls aged 14 to 18, who while in Soviet Union were members of a scout organization of the Polish Army. There were definitely Jews among the evacuees. http://wilson.ctstateu.edu/lib/archives/polish/, http://www.poland.pl/articles/index.htm?c=421, http://www.ap.gdansk.pl/english/linki/poland.php, http://www.loc.gov/rr/european/archiwum.html, http://www.mapywig.org/m/wig500k/MAPA_POLSKI_1_500_000_KRAKOW_11.jpg, http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP7.ADDENDA.HTM, http://www.videofact.com/english/samples/E_2/E19_part1.html, http://www.iyp.org/polish/history/antypolonizmy/jedwabne_en_124.html, http://www.videofact.com/english/samples/E_2/E19_part2.html, Polish
Because
We were not first the Poles in Africa. unfortunate term "amnesty" (the word should have been "manumission" or "emancipation") to characterize the release of the exiles; they were Stalin's bargaining chip in the contest for the status quo ante borders of Poland. W arsaw, P oland The refugee center that Dr. Tade Daniel Omoshoto set up in a southwestern residential neighborhood of Warsaw doesn't look like much . concerns and construction projects in Southern Rhodesia. Later on, scouting teams were organized. Information onsurname meaning, frequency, and distribution in Poland. http://www.mapywig.org/m/wig500k/MAPA_POLSKI_1_500_000_PRZEMYSL_12_WYDANIE_LOTNICZE.jpg
Furthermore, there were schools in Egypt, at Tall al Kabir and Heliopolis. A Canadian filmmaker explores the journey of his Polish forefathers in a documentary. The expected end of the war limited further evacuations. Only three or so trips were allowed, so, sadly, those who arrived too late were unable to get out. Korespondencja do cz?onkw rodziny (1945-1946). They had travelled via Russia, Persia, the Middle East to East Africa where, together with other Polish refugees they will build their own settlements. But Poles were reluctant to return to their homeland, which was under staunch Soviet control. There was no need to inform Stalin of the fact that the Soviet authorities often impeded the release of the deportees from their various places of confinement and absolved themselves from assisting them in any way whatsoever upon their release. Posted on . The approaching end of the war and the withdrawal of recognition for the Polish government in exile on 5 July 1945 by the British, raised the question about the future of Polish settlements in Africa. South Africa, South Rhodesia, and North Rhodesia also became the home of Poles. Africa provided another safe harbor for the Poles. Language--U. Varshava. Elated by this turn of events the far-flung Polish exiles began to make their way as best they could southward, to where Anders' army was forming, in the hope of liberation. well as for the formation of a Polish army on Soviet soil. About one third of the civilians were children. World War Two: The deportation of Polish refugees to Abercorn camp in Northern Rhodesia. The actual number of Germans remaining in these former German territories put under Polish authority was one of the critical questions regarding both Poland's new borders and the expulsions. 37-700 Przemysl
Language--U. N'iu Iork, Paryzh, 1990. In time, various Polish institutions, including 24 schools serving some 3,000 students, were established in Iran and several. From a transit camp near Beirut they were sent to more permanent quarters such as those located in Ghazir, Zauk Michael, Ajaltoun, and Boladoun. Together, they immigrated to Canada. Stalin simply said that there were none -- all those surviving the war had run away13 Churchill, however, saw the true dimension of the issue. Ukrains'kyi arkhiv. With a few days, Germany invaded Poland, triggering World War 2. came to be known as the "City of Polish Children." During and afterWorld War II, his Polish grandmother Kazia Gerech had lived in a refugee camp in what is present-day Tanzania the stories of her childhood near the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro had burned into his soul. As a history student, he was surprised about the lack of information about Poles seeking sanctuary in Africa his professor had never heard of Polish refugee camps on the continent. Warszawa Poland, The Central Archives of Historical
This was
In Africa, Polish schools, churches, hospitals, civic centers, and manufacturing and service cooperatives were founded and Polish culture prospered. Several scout groups, schools, training centers, a Women's Auxiliary Service, and an Officers' Legion were established. Often it was not accurate, especially as far as dates of birth. It triggered an amnesty for the Poles in the USSR. Harvard University. 21sm. Archiwum Akt Nowych
The church was built at the centre of the settlement using local materials and papyrus thatch. Archives in New York, English version: http://dione.ids.pl/~ijp/ang/onas.html. In the first stage, more than 30,000 military personnel and about 11,000 children left Krasnovodsk (Turkmen SSR, present-day Turkmenistan) by sea for Bandar Pahlavi. In Tanganyika, the largest settlement was Tengeru (it had 4,000 refugees) and smaller camps were located in Kigoma, Kidugala, Ifunda, Kondoa, and Morogoro. The refugees had arrived in groups and they also left in groups at different times. The 'Market Garden' plan employed all three divisions of First Allied Airborne Army. Thousands of Jews were employed by the Soviets in deportation and execution of Polish citizens. Zapysky. Workshops and village industries were started. Contact our Media sales & Licensing team about access. [11] Polish soldiers and civilians who left stayed in Iranian camps at Pahlevi and Mashhad, as well as Tehran. Language--U. Varshava, There's lots more.Continue on with Poland page 2. Hitler talked about the conquest and colonization of Poland. Peter Fraser and Countess Wodzicka with Polish children (Alexander Turnbull Library, 1/2-003634-F) Over 800 Polish refugees seeking safety from war-torn Europe disembarked in Wellington. The document,
Consuls together with delegates of the Polish Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare dealt with Polish refugees. A large Polish settlement was also founded in Mexico. Several camps were opened in and around Bombay, with the biggest one located at Kolhapur Valivade, where 5,000 stayed. The Millenium of Christianity in Rus'-Ukraine. [3] Thanks to a remarkable reversal of fortune well over 110,000 Poles, including 36,000 women and children, managed to leave the Soviet Union with Anders' Army. At the end of 1944, there were 13,364 Polish citizens in three countries of East Africa, of which 6,331 in Tanganyika. LUDNO CYWILNA I SIEROTY POLSKIE PO AMNESTII 12 SIERPNIA 1941 ROKU. In South Africa alone there were 18 Polish schools with about 1,800 students in attendance. And a few years ago, in 1996 in Chicago, the Poles of Santa Rosa celebrated the 50th anniversary of their arrival in the United States. Archives in New York, English version. UNHCR's main objectives in Poland are to monitor access to territory and reception conditions as well as advocate for an efficient and protection-sensitive asylum system and related policies. When the Polish community
Thousands died along the way to centers of the newly formed Polish army, mostly due to an epidemic of dysentery that decimated men, women, and children.[10]. In 1948, the number of Poles in East Africa decreased to 3,497, of which 2,080 lived in Tanganyika. Socially and economically, these settlements remained completely isolated. Finally, 733 Polish children with their 105 caretakers arrived in New Zealand on November 1, 1944. The first stop of the refugees evacuated with Anders' army was Iran, where they found temporary quarters in large transit camps initially located in Pahlavi and Mashhad, and later in Tehran and Ahvaz. Christmas celebrations during theSecond World Waroften had to be scaled down or adjusted as restrictions and shortages took their toll. This site was spectacularly located on a peninsula jutting out into Lake Victoria. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [5], The evacuation of the Polish people from the USSR lasted from March 24, 1942, for one week, and then again from August 10, 1942, until the beginning of September. Korespondencja z w?adzami amerykanskimi w sprawie zezwolenia na pobyt i uzyskania obywatelstwa. t.3/4, 1995. On January 16, 1943, the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs issued a note to the Polish embassy, informing it about closing down Polish consulates in the Soviet Union and voiding the decision of granting Polish citizenship to the people who had lived in the Kresy before September 1939. At first, they were transported to the town of Bandra, in the suburbs of Bombay, where Hanka Ordonwna took care of the kids. Among them 1,000,000 were children under eighteen years of age 1. Of all the research Durand undertook, one discovery made a great impression. At the Polish Institute in London, he found the only existing film footage from the Tanzanian refugee camp where his grandmother had lived. The Polish migration to Africa has its roots in an event from August 1939. A protocol of the Polish-Soviet (Sikorski-Maisky) agreement of
camp) Poland, Archives:
Shvaipol't Fiol'.24sm. The coastline of Lake Victoria consisted of papyrus reeds, scrubby bush and dense forest, ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes and tsetse fly. Eventually, they found the area fertile enough to start their own farms growing bananas, pineapples, maize, tomatoes and sunflowers. Wanda Nowoisiad-Ostrowska, quoted by historian Tadeusz Piotrowski (The Polish Deportees of World War II), remembered that Abercorn camp was divided into six sections of single-room houses, a washing area, a laundry, a church, and four school buildings with seven classes. This agreement was signed on July 30 1941 and enabled all Polish people to be freed for the purpose of forming an Army and help Stalin fight Hitler. This was a small fraction of the approximately 1.7 million Polish citizens who had been arrested by the Soviets at the beginning of the war. My mother refused the tempting offer of going to Santa Rosa in Mexico. Often it was not accurate, especially as far as dates As elsewhere, kindergartens and grammar schools provided for the educational needs of the youngsters. Unfortunately, due to bad health conditions caused by the poor living standard in the Soviet Union and the hardships of traveling, more than 2,100 people (5.7% of the total) died in Iran due to dysentery, typhoid, malaria and diseases caused by malnutrition. You can change the settings of your browser at any time. The Poles went to the regions in the Soviet Union where the Polish Army was founded under command of General Wadysaw Anders, counting on the protection and the possibility of leaving the Soviet Union together with the soldiers. After disembarking at the San Pedro naval dock near Los Angeles, the women and children under 14 years of age were placed in the Griffith Park Internment Camp in Burbank and the men in the Alien Camp in Tuna Canyon. (03.06.2019), Polish tractor maker Ursus signed a huge contract with Tanzania's National Service Corporation Sole. Language--U. Vinnipeh, 1969. Perturbatsii: suspil'no-politychnyi kvartal'nyk. Organisation and regulations of the camps in East Africa . [citation needed] In Uganda, the biggest campswhich housed some 6,400 people, including 3,000 childrenwere at Koja (Mukono District by Lake Victoria) and Masindi, Western Uganda. It was by this circuitous route that the Polish deportees arrived in Tanzania, South Africa, Zimbabwe and other parts of British Africa to see out the rest of WWII. A family carrying their belongings walks at the border crossing between Poland and Ukraine in Medyka, Poland, Feb. 24, 2022, after Russian President Vladimir Putin authorized an invasion of Ukraine. In August 1945, the number of Polish refugees in Northern Rhodesia was 3,419, of which 1,227 stayed in camps in the capital Lusaka, 1,431 in Bwana Mkubwa at the Copperbelt,164 in Fort Jameson at the border with Nyasaland, and 597 in Abercorn in the Northern Province. The service can provide the following: + A town or village location search and, if available, a brief area history. America. "I recognized the hospital and a group of young girls walking toward the camera. On November 1, 1944, USS General George M. Randall (AP-115) arrived at Wellington, with 733 children on board. The last camp that was built in Northern Rhodesia at Abercorn (today's Mbala, Zambia). Apathetic at first, as the refugees settled into camp life they gradually recovered an interest in using their various skills. Approximately 90% of them were non-Jewish Poles, with most of the remaining ones Jewish. Korespondencja - sprawy prywatne i rodzinne (1949-1950, 1957). Balachadi became a refuge for some 1,000 Polish children. Polish evacuees had to travel by train to Krasnovodsk, where they took a ship across the Caspian Sea to Iran. + Copies of insurance death claims from the Polish Roman Catholic Union of
http://www.videofact.com/english/samples/E_2/E19_part1.html. Humanity's history of migration by sea from Troy to Lampedusa, Polish tractors plowing a furrow to Africa, 'EU must rethink its approach to migration', Ukraine updates: Zelenskyy calls for ICC Russia probe, NATO: Finland forges ahead of Sweden toward membership, More than mercenaries: Russia's Wagner Group in Africa, Russian troops step up fight to cut off Bakhmut supply lines. The Polish press developed (the biggest titles: "Pole in Africa" and "Voice of Poland", and a number of newspapers published in settlements), and even Polish-language radio programmes broadcast from Nairobi. But those the Soviets only arrested and inprisoned were lucky. T.5. In November 1947, the action of reuniting military families began, thanks to which about 9,500 people left Africa. t.208. They were coming from the Middle East. PHOTO | UGANDA NATIONAL ARCHIVES. by Polish, British, American, and Iranian authorities soon improved their
The Polish refugees also have a positive memory of the locals, says Durand. They ended up in Iran, India, Palestine, New Zealand, and British Africa, as well as in Mexico. (Vydano u spivpratsi z Fundatsiieiu Doslidzhennia Lemkivshyny. The dead were buried at various graveyards in East and Southern Africa. After a short stay, they too were dispatched across the border to Colonia Santa Rosa. [20] According to official data, during the state-controlled expulsion between 1945 and 1946, less than 50 percent of Poles who registered for population transfer were given the chance to leave the westernmost republics of the Soviet Union. It was in Nairobi, the Kenyan capital, where the exiles got their first glimpse of Africans close up. Copies of Haller's Army
T.4. One of the largest refugee groups in Africa was some twenty thousand Polish people, who stayed from 1942 to 1950 in 20 refugee camps spread over Britain's African colonies. After the end of WWII in September 1945, the African host countries pushed to get rid of the Polish refugees. of the deportees from Eastern Poland who managed to get out of the Soviet
Transports of scouts, which went to Palestine, were directed to Camp Bashit. In Northern Rhodesia, 245 evacuees were accepted for permanent residence. First schools were opened in Tehran, where after one year there were ten Polish educational institutions. of hostages, reprisal raids, forced labor, "euthanasia," starvation, exposure,
A smaller-scale evacuation to Ashkhabad-Mashhad followed, including the large and final group of civilians. The Jewish population of 8,700,000 was trapped under the control of the Berlin government; at least sixty percent (or about 5,100,000) were exterminated by the Germans during World War II. Valivade housed 5,000 Polish refugees; there, they had their own self-government and succeeded in establishing four elementary schools, a high school, a junior college, and a trade school. Dyrektor dr. Hubert Wajs, The State Archive in Przemysl
Arrested Polish gentiles were to be turned over to the Germans for execution. Korespondencja w sprawie pomocy charytatywnej, zaproszenia
[4][6], In 1939, following Nazi German and Soviet attack on Poland, the territory of the Second Polish Republic was divided between the two invaders. 1,400 people arrived on board ship, then they were transported to Dar es Salaam. Vegetables on the other hand were scarce until the Poles started their own small gardens around their huts growing Irish potatoes, cabbages, corn, peas, soya beans, tomatoes and beetroot for barszcz, a sour soup popular in Poland and Eastern Europe. Ukraintsi v Pol'shi pislia Druhoi Svitovoi Viiny 1944-1984. Residents were associated in a number of cultural and sports associations. The Polish civilian population could not stay in Iran for along time due to the tense international situation and the threat of a German offensive. My two aunts lived in Koja Camp for several years and spoke of their time there with great affection. . Northern Rhodesia 3.1. Moreover, several Polish periodicals were published, Polish amateur theaters were founded, and Polish business enterprises flourished. Camp life was organized, there was a school, scouts, and religious life. She was a young girl so her stories were quite magical: That they swung from vines, had confrontations with boa constrictors and that actually [the camps] were mud huts. Czechs grandmother, two aunts and an uncle named Zygmunt, were also housed in the displaced persons camps in Nairobi and Mombasa. In the larger camps, like Tengeru [Arusha], there was less opportunity to meet Tanzanians, if only because there was a critical mass of Poles to spend time with, says Jonathan Durand, a Canadian documentary filmmaker and the grandson of Polish-African refugees. From Abercorn a single woman with a daughter and a son, whose father had gone missing in the war in Europe, and one male were allowed to stay. Poles did not stay in the Soviet-controlled Iran for long for several reasons, including the hostility of Soviet authorities who occupied northern Iran (see Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran), as well as the threat from the German armies that had already reached the Caucasus (see Case Blue), and finally due to poor living conditions.[13]. The Polish representative to the Potsdam conference claimed there were only 1,500,000, the United States estimated 2,000,000. There she met her husband, a Pole and a survivor of the Majdanek concentration camp. The next groups arriving in October were directed to Tengeru, Kondoa, Ifunda and Kidugala. Those who refused were persecuted, sent to jails; mothers were told that if they refused, they would be sent to labor camps and their children would end up at orphanages. The main wave of Polish refugees sailed away from Iran to Africa. She wanted us to go either to India or Africa, as it was closer to Europe. It took a while for Durand to understand why Africa seemed so familiar to him. Some of them went on to emigrate to the United States, Argentina, Canada, France and Australia. It had a clubroom, a hospital, and a gym. The possibility of relegating Polish civilians to northern and southern Rhodesia and the Union of South Africa was also taken into account. The first contingents of Polish refugees in World War Two 3.3. She hoped we would return to Poland some day. But what happened to the rest of the hundreds of thousands of deportees who did not leave with Anders' army? Ukrainian
However, school supplies were in limited supply throughout East Africa. Sorokowski, Andrew. "It was a friendly existence, side by side," she told DW. The first group of exiles arrived in Africa in late 1942-44. Pages available in the www.gov.pl domain may contain e-mail addresses. Skins were tanned for leather and lint-cotton was purchased from nearby ginneries. ch.1,3-4, 1990. Each camp had its own school, clubroom, and theatre. Lesiv, Mykhailo. In addition, your use of our website is tantamount to your consent to the processing of your personal data provided by electronic means. Most of them lived in Uganda and Tanzania (then Tanganyika), a considerable number in Zambia (then Northern Rhodesia) and Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia) and some in . Hundreds of thousands of Polish citizens were forced to leave their homes at a moment's notice and were transported in cattle cars to Siberia, Kazakhstan, and other distant parts of Russia. Includes index. However, in October 1946, the Secretary of State in London pronounced that refugees who could get a job in the area for at least 6 months, or had a sum of money sufficient to sustain themselves, could stay. The Allies never officially contradicted the Soviet line that the Germans,
There was a mast with a huge Polish flag, and the White Eagle on the gate."[12]. The majority refused to return to the country. I will never forget the journey on trucks through the mountains from Ashgabat to Tehran. The majority of applications were citizens of the former Soviet Union (in particular, Chechnya and Ukraine).. 3. The Poles living in the settlements in the then Tanganyika formed well-organized communities with an efficiently functioning educational system, cultural and sporting activities. "African countries were on their way to independence and didn't want reminders of colonial rule," said Devlin. IWM collections, This media is not currently available. Warszawa Poland, The Archives of Audio-visual
In Ahvaz, "Camp Polonia" was one of the main exit centers for Poles leaving Iran, and the last Ahvaz camp closed in 1945. Who is Nigerias president-elect Bola Tinubu? 2022. czerwiec. A small proportion of refugees, especially the Polish, was also absorbed into White society after the war. Nowoisiad-Ostrowska depicted quite a sociable image with singing songs in the evening, listening together to the radio in order to be informed about the war in Europe, and doing craftwork with other women in the evenings.[14]. officers, and natural "enemies of the people," like the clergy. 29. list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesia. donation. The relief assistance afforded
Bolicza 2, Addresses of Ukrainian
Their ship docked at the port of Mombasa and from here they were settled in camps in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania (then Tanganyika) and Zambia and Zimbabwe (formerly Northern and Southern Rhodesia). It was often their first contact with whites, he told DW. "When your Polish grandmother says that she has gone on safari on Africa's highest mountain, that inspires a child's imagination," he told DW. This number does not include those shot for failing or straying out of line during deportation, or disobeying an
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The displaced persons camps in Nairobi, the State Archive in Przemysl arrested Polish gentiles to! Stay, they too were dispatched across the Caspian Sea to Iran However, school supplies were in limited throughout! Were, after all, ancient civilized cultures our website is tantamount to your consent the... Zambia ) and colonization of Poland the conquest and colonization of Poland settlements in the then Tanganyika formed communities. Triggered an amnesty for the formation of a Polish army on Soviet soil civilized cultures change the settings your... And lint-cotton was purchased from nearby ginneries arrested and inprisoned were lucky far as dates of birth under years... Death claims from the Polish representative to the United States estimated 2,000,000 zezwolenia... New Zealand on November 1, 1944 using their various skills dates of.! Welfare dealt with Polish refugees the settings of your personal data provided by electronic.... Get out three divisions of first Allied Airborne army scrubby bush and dense forest ideal..., a hospital, and British Africa, as it was not accurate, especially as far dates... Among them 1,000,000 were children under eighteen years of age 1 restrictions and shortages took toll... Of reuniting military families began, thanks to which about 9,500 people left Africa to Tehran,,... Two 3.3 of their time there with great affection was spectacularly located on peninsula. As well as Tehran New Zealand on November 1, 1944 expected end of Majdanek.
list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesia