[212] A number of research and cultural departments operate within SU, including its own publishing house, botanical gardens,[213] a space research centre, a quantum electronics department,[214] and a Confucius Institute. The city is a preferred destination for international congresses, and there are a great many halls and centers offering possibilities for every need. [71], Particulate matter concentrations are consistently above the norm. It is one of ODRCs central principles to treat people differently based on their conduct while incarcerated. Privilege levels will be greater than Level 3 and individuals may be eligible for Reintegration Units. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Individuals tend to receive greater autonomy and freedom of movement during the day so as to encourage pro-social behavior and programming as part of the 3-Tier prison system. All images, advertising and video materials and/or other information published on this website are property of the Ministry of Tourism and are protected by the Law on Copyright and Related Rights,according tothe Bulgarian laws to all applicable international and relevant acts of the European Union. The SS. The citys average altitude is 550 meters above sea level, the climate is moderate and continental, characterized by cold winters and relatively cool summers. Sofia was designated as European Capital of Sport in 2018. For Constantine the Great it was 'Sardica mea Roma est' (Serdica is my Rome). [20] The city has been described as the "triangle of religious tolerance". [209] Sofia University was founded in 1888. Serdica became part of the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Krum in 809, after a long siege. Prison Classification News Inmate Imprisoned for Assault, Weapons Counts on the Run Thursday, January 9, 2020 LINCOLN, Neb. The most dynamic sectors include Information technology (IT) and manufacturing. Armeets Arena holds many indoor events and has a capacity of up to 19,000 people depending on its use. [197] This line will complete the proposed underground system of three lines with about 65km (40mi) of lines. Iztok Zapad, 2005. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980 (. The Thracians, Iztok Zapad, Sofia, 2011. Among its highlights is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, one of the symbols of Bulgaria, constructed in the late 19th century. The Iskar flows north toward the Balkan Mountains, passing between the eastern city suburbs, next to the main building and below the runways of Sofia Airport, and flows out of the Sofia Valley at the town of Novi Iskar, where the scenic Iskar Gorge begins.[42]. We also sponsor a peer-training network for large jail administrators, including meetings and an online discussion forum. Known as Serdica in Antiquity and Sredets in the Middle Ages, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. Theatre is by far the most popular form of performing art, and theatrical venues are among the most visited, second only to cinemas. [10] The metropolitan area of Sofia is based upon one hour of car travel time, stretches internationally and includes Dimitrovgrad in Serbia. The Edict implicitly granted Christianity the status of "religio licita", a worship recognised and accepted by the Roman Empire. In addition, Sofia hosted EuroBasket 1957 and the 1961 and 1977 Summer Universiades, as well as the 1983 and 1989 winter editions. Sofia's geographic location, in the foothills of the weekend retreat Vitosha mountain, further adds to the city's specific atmosphere. A notable local basketball team is twice European Champions Cup finalist Lukoil Akademik. A third line was opened in August of 2020 and re-organisation of the previous lines lead to a 4th line being created. Springs and autumns in Sofia are usually short with variable and dynamic weather. [24] In 1979, the Boyana Church in Sofia was included onto the World Heritage List, and it was deconstructed in the Second Bulgarian Empire, holding much patrimonial symbolism to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. According to the 2011 census, people aged 2024 years are the most numerous group, numbering 133,170 individuals and accounting for 11% of the total 1,202,761 people. Since Mount Vitosha is a preferred destination for the capitals residents, its fields and paths are alive with nature lovers. [36], The name Sofia comes from the Saint Sofia Church,[37] as opposed to the prevailing Slavic origin of Bulgarian cities and towns. By the time of its liberation the population of the city was 11,649. One of them was Samuil, who was eventually crowned Emperor of Bulgaria in 997. The city is ranked 62nd among financial centres worldwide. Popov, Dimitar (ed.). [215] Rakovski Defence and Staff College, the National Academy of Arts, the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, the University of National and World Economy and the University of Mining and Geology are other major higher education establishments in the city. 125 years a capital. The city is known for its 49 mineral and thermal springs. The city is located at a strategic crossroads. Bianquis, C.E. It was proposed as a capital by Marin Drinov and was accepted as such on 3 April 1879. These vary from Christian Roman architecture and medieval Bulgarian fortresses to Neoclassicism and prefabricated Socialist-era apartment blocks. [163] It is the economic hub of Bulgaria and home to most major Bulgarian and international companies operating in the country, as well as the Bulgarian National Bank and the Bulgarian Stock Exchange. Sofia Airport provides travelers with convenient connections to all major European cities, and from the central train station and bus station, passengers can reach every destination in the country. In 1925, a terrorist act of ultra-leftists failed their attempted assassination of the king but resulted in the destruction of the Saint Nedelya Church and many victims. Weather can be very unstable and dynamic with sudden significant temperature amplitudes. The maximum vertical drop is 780 meters. ", National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria, "Sofia Council - 2019-2023", ":: 27 2019", "The party of Kuneva overcomes the falsified ballots with machines", "Escaped from Arena Armeets tell about the nightmare", "The head of the electoral commission in Sofia is resigning at the request of Borissov", " :: 2015", " ? During the reign of Justinian it flourished, being surrounded with great fortress walls whose remnants can still be seen today. [101] The Ottoman commander left the following description of the city garrison: "Inside the fortress [Sofia] there is a large and elite army, its soldiers are heavily built, moustached and look war-hardened, but are used to consume wine and rakiain a word, jolly fellows. [8], For a long time the city possessed[29] a Thracian name, Serdica (Ancient Greek: .mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek",Athena,"EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre",Cardo,"Gentium Plus",Gentium,Garamond,"Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",FreeSerif,FreeSans,"Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande",Code2000,sans-serif} Serdik, or Sardik; Latin: .mw-parser-output .script-latin{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond",Cormorant,Cardo,"ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode New","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond",serif}Serdica or Sardica), derived from the tribe Serdi, who were either of Thracian,[16][18] Celtic,[30] or mixed Thracian-Celtic origin. Directly across from the church is The National Gallery of Art, which often exhibits works by world-famous artists. The birth rate per 1000 people was 12.3 per mile and steadily increasing in the last 5 years, the death rate reaching 12.1 per mile and decreasing. The Parliament Building, Monument to the Liberator (in honor of the Russian Tsar Alexander II, who was instrumental in freeing Bulgaria from Ottoman rule), and the campus of Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohradski are three more of the citys major symbols. It takes its source in Rila, Bulgaria's highest mountain,[41] and enters Sofia Valley near the village of German. Two natural sciences museumsthe Natural History Museum and Earth and Mandisplay minerals, animal species (alive and taxidermic) and rare materials. During May and June, The Palace of Culture welcomes performers participating in the festival Sofia Music Weeks. The capitals many theaters and galleries offer a wide range of interesting exhibits and shows. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. [82] The inscription and Dio Cassius told that the Roman general Crassus subdued the Serdi and behanded the captives. Sofias parks are a favorite place for rest and recreation. Sofia is ranked as Beta- global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. The Ottomans came to favour the name Sofya (). It is surrounded by mountainsides, such as Vitosha by the southern side, Lyulin by the western side, and the Balkan Mountains by the north, which makes it the third highest European capital after Andorra la Vella and Madrid. [140] According to a survey, almost a third of Sofia's residents say that they never feel safe in the Bulgarian capital, while 20% always feel safe. There are 221 general, 11 special and seven arts or sports schools, 56 vocational gymnasiums and colleges, and four independent colleges. US and UK Air forces conducted bombings over Sofia, Museum of Contemporary Art Sofia Arsenal, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria, " | ", "Archaeologist Discovers 8,000-Year-Old Nephrite 'Frog-like' Swastika in Slatina Neolithic Settlement in Bulgaria's Capital Sofia Archaeology in Bulgaria", "CITIES AND THEIR URBANISED AREAS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA", "Nsi National Register of Populated Places ", "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab", "Triangle of Religious Tolerance (1903) iCulturalDiplomacy", "10 Things We Can all Learn from Bulgaria's Square of Religious Tolerance", "Sofia is one of the top 10 places for start-up businesses in the world, Bulgarian National TV", "Is Europe's most affordable capital worth the trip? New residential areas were built in the outskirts of the city, like Druzhba, Mladost and Lyulin. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. This church was built in 1912, and was designed by the Russian architect Alexander Pomerantsev. Lines 5 and 13 are shorter and provide connections to Kulata and Bankya, respectively. Sofia City, the underpass of Sofia University St. Overall, Sofia has 186km (116 miles) of railway lines. As part of the 3-Tier prison system, Level 3 is considered General Population, but is designed for individuals who are more likely to, or have previously engage(d), in disruptive prison behavior. On the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha, in the Boyana District, is located the National Museum of History, with its collection from prehistoric times to the present day. [28] The metropolitan region of Sofia is inhabited by a population of 1.66million. The Saint Sofia Basilica, founded during the reign of Justinian (reign 527-565), is one of the oldest churches in the capital. Regular performances began in 1909. The Slavic name Sredets (), which is related to "middle" (, "sreda") and to the city's earliest name, first appeared on paper in an 11th-century text. [145] The Ivan Vazov National Theatre, which performs mainly classical plays and is situated in the very centre of the city, is the most prominent theatre. Shopi speak the Western Bulgarian dialects. Sofia is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Bulgaria alongside coastal and mountain resorts. Sofia remained the seat of a sanjak (district). Following his capture in 1873, Vasil Levski was transferred and hanged in Sofia by the Ottomans. The city produced multicolored sgraffito ceramics, jewelry and ironware. Historically, after World War II and the era of industrialisation under socialism, the city and its surrounding areas expanded rapidly and became the most heavily industrialised region of the country, with numerous factories producing steel, pig iron, machinery, industrial equipment, electronics, trams, chemicals, textiles, food. ERH represents the highest level of security possible in the 3-Tier System and is reserved for those who cannot be safely managed at any lower security level. : +359 2 4918344 Tel. During the 1970s and the 1980s multiple ski slopes of varying difficulty were made available. Right in front of this museum if the Saint Nikolay Church, which is an architectural landmark. Only over 1% of the juridically married do not de facto live within marriage. complete the classification process; 2. [142] With 1,600 prisoners, the incarceration rate is above 0.1%;[143] however, roughly 70% of all prisoners are part of the Romani minority.[144]. The city became an inseparable part of The First Bulgarian Empire (7th-9th centuries) under Han Omurtag (reign 814-831). The assembly members are chosen every four years. [134] Nevertheless, in the 21st century, crimes, including Bulgarian mafia killings, caused problems in the city,[135] where authorities had difficulties convicting the actors,[136] which had caused the European Commission to warn the Bulgarian government that the country would not be able to join the EU unless it curbed crime[137] (Bulgaria eventually joined in 2007). Each staff member with detainee in-processing responsibilities shall receive on-site training; 3. In summer, the city generally remains slightly cooler than other parts of Bulgaria, due to its higher altitude. 151156. A map of Sofia Valley. Level 3 - The security level that is the next degree higher than Level 2, and requires more security/supervision than Level 2, but less than Level 4. Top-circulation newspapers include 24 Chasa and Trud. The President, along with the Council of Ministers, is located on Independence Square, also known as The Largo or The Triangle of Power. These key elements include assessing inmates risks and needs (classification), assigning inmates to housing, meeting inmates basic needs, setting and conveying behavioral expectations, supervising inmates, and keeping inmates productively occupied. [200] Additionally, all-electric vehicles are available through carsharing company Spark, which is set to increase its fleet to 300 cars by mid-2019.[201]. [98], It was once again incorporated into the restored Bulgarian Empire in 1194 at the time of Emperor Ivan Asen I and became a major administrative and cultural centre. [156] A velodrome with 5,000 seats in the city's central park is undergoing renovation. Its Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest cyclotron in the country. The Bulgarian patron saint John of Rila was buried in Sredets by orders of Emperor Peter I in the mid 10th century. Its bell tower rises to a height of 53 meters, and houses 53 bells, the heaviest weighing 10 tons. ODRC attempts to place incarcerated individuals in an appropriate security level prison in a geographic area reasonably close to the incarcerated individual's home to facilitate visitation by loved ones. It represents the primary security level for Control Units in the 3-Tier System. From 1018-1094, Sredets was under Byzantine rule, but remained an important strategic, economic, and cultural center. There are more than fifteen swimming complexes in the city, most of them outdoor. [69] The European Commission has taken Bulgaria to court over its failure to curb air pollution. In the churchs crypt, there is an exhibit of Orthodox Christian art. Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. During that time Sofia was the largest import-export-base in modern-day Bulgaria for the caravan trade with the Republic of Ragusa. Nu Image acquired the studios to upgrade them into Nu Boyana Film Studios, used to shoot scenes for a number of action movies like The Expendables 2, Rambo: Last Blood and London Has Fallen.[147][148]. [188] All major types of transport (except water) are represented in the city. Texts by Marazov, Ivan; Venedikov, Ivan; Fol, Alexander; Tacheva, Margarita. During the Communist Party rule, a number of the city's most emblematic streets and squares were renamed for ideological reasons, with the original names restored after 1989.[115]. For example, one of the citys most popular venues for business forums and trade fairs is the National Palace of Culture. This is noticeably changing in the past years. Boev, Zlatozar. The National Institute of Corrections helps agencies develop or modify their . [100], In 1382/1383 or 1385, Sredets was seized by the Ottoman Empire in the course of the Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars by Lala ahin Pasha, following a three-month siege. [38] In these documents the city is called Sofia, but at the same time the region and the city's inhabitants are still called Sredecheski (, "of Sredets"), which continued until the 20th century. Stalinist Gothic public buildings emerged in the centre, notably the spacious government complex around The Largo, Vasil Levski Stadium, the Cyril and Methodius National Library and others. The Museum of Socialist Art includes many sculptures and posters that educate visitors about the lifestyle in communist Bulgaria. The city has an extensive green belt. Mount Vitosha borders on the Vitosha Natural Park, which is the oldest nature reserve on the Balkan Peninsula. The NIC Jails Division's services include training, networks, technical assistance, and information resources, such as documents and DVDs. Thus, Sofia became the first capital on the world to be overflown by enemy aircraft.[114]. [21] This triangle was recently expanded to a "square" and includes the Catholic Cathedral of St Joseph. The ratio of women per 1,000 men was 1,102. [138] Many of the most severe crimes are contract killings that are connected to organised crime, but these had dropped in recent years after several arrests of gang members. The city was called Atralisa by the Arab traveller Idrisi and Strelisa, Stralitsa or Stralitsion by the Crusaders. Inmates here usually have sentences up to 30 years to complete. The driest recorded year was 2000 with a total precipitation of 304.6mm (11.99in), while the wettest year on record was 2014 with a total precipitation of 1,066.6mm (41.99in). [22], Sofia has been named one of the top ten best places for start-up businesses in the world, especially in information technologies. Serdika was the favorite city of Constantine the Great (reign 306-337), who said: Serdika is my Rome. In roughly 175, massive fortified walls, with four watchtowers were built to protect the city, and a second outer fortified wall was added during the 5th-6th centuries. : +359 2 49 49 315 E-mail:largo@info-sofia.bg, Info Point Chitalnyata (The reading room), Tel. ", Jen Fitz. [127], Sofia is the seat of the executive (Council of Ministers), legislative (National Assembly) and judiciary (Supreme Court and Constitutional Court) bodies of Bulgaria, as well as all government agencies, ministries, the National Bank, and the delegation of the European Commission. Founded thousands of years ago, today the city continues to develop as the countrys cultural and economic center. [110][111] Following the war, the great majority of the Muslim population left Sofia.[101]. The report also noted that no industrial pollution monitoring stations operate in Sofia, even though industrial facilities are active in the city. Sofia is Bulgarias capital and its largest city. After the abolition of Communism in 1989, Sofia witnessed the construction of whole business districts and neighbourhoods, as well as modern skryscraper-like glass-fronted office buildings, but also top-class residential neighbourhoods. Out of 464,865 homes 432,847 have connection to the communal sanitary sewer, while 2,732 do not have any. This is due to the fact that three temples of three major world religionsChristianity, Islam and Judaismare situated close together: Sveta Nedelya Church, Banya Bashi Mosque and Sofia Synagogue. inmate classification vg3 alabama meaning a nice variety of treatment and work programs too. [124] Some party leaders claimed that ballots were falsified and called for annulment of the election. In 1018, the Byzantines ended Bulgarian rule until 1194, when it was reincorporated by the reborn Bulgarian Empire. The urban area of Sofia hosts some 1.54million[9] residents within 5723km2, which comprises Sofia City Province and parts of Sofia Province (Dragoman, Slivnitsa, Kostinbrod, Bozhurishte, Svoge, Elin Pelin, Gorna Malina, Ihtiman, Kostenets) and Pernik Province (Pernik, Radomir), representing 5.16% of the country territory. The crypt of the Alexander Nevsky cathedral is another branch of the National Gallery. [75] Particulates are now largely measured by a network of 300 sensors maintained by volunteers since 2017. Sredets joined the uprising of Peter Delyan in 10401041 in a failed attempt to restore Bulgarian independence and was the last stronghold of the rebels, led by the local commander Botko. In 1900, the first electric lightbulb in the city was turned on. A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. [78][87] It gradually became the most important Roman city of the region. This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 15:42. Besides the city proper, the 24 districts of Sofia Municipality encompass three other towns and 34 villages. Marazov, Ivan (ed.). The neolithic village in Slatina dating to the 5th6th millennium BC is documented. Another Christian monument in the region is the Saint Joseph Catholic Cathedral. There are some ten[154] tennis court complexes within the city including the one founded by former WTA top-five athlete Magdalena Maleeva.[155]. Euro in a New Production Unit in Sofia/", "Melexis to Invest 75M to Expand Its Operations in Bulgaria", "Lufthansa Technik Sofia invests 30 mln euro to expand its facilities", Sofia infrastructure from the official website of the Municipality, "History of the tramway network in Sofia", "History of the trolleybus network in Sofia", "Public transport Sofia official website", "Transport Company Bulgaria official website", " (Bulgarian National Television News)", "National Federation of the Taxi Drivers in Bulgaria. We provide training to help local jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT. Sofia has an extensive district heating system that draws on four combined heat and power (CHP) plants and boiler stations. The highest recorded temperature is 41C (106F) (5 July 2000 and 24 July 2007). Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea.[18][19]. In 1879 there was a dispute about what the name of the new Bulgarian capital should be, when the citizens created a committee of famous people, insisting for the Slavic name. One of Sofias favorite spots for both visitors and residents is Vitosha Boulevard. [205][206] The American College of Sofia, a private secondary school with roots in a school founded by American missionaries in 1860, is among the oldest American educational institutions outside of the United States. Kliment Ohridski, Tel. Sofia Municipality is identical to Sofia City Province, which is distinct from Sofia Province, which surrounds but does not include the capital itself. Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin Hoover PD; Bond Number Bond Type Bond Amount; 2023-00000019: Good Bond: 2023-00000020: Good Bond: 2023-00000021: Good Bond: Charges Court Date Court Court Room; No data: Number Charge . Sofia is also home to Bulgarias most prestigious and largest educational institutions universities, colleges, and middle schools that offer solidly-grounded, up-to-date instruction in such disciplines as Architecture, Medicine, The Humanities, Engineering, Music and Choreography, and Fine Arts. Booking Date 1/6/2023 4:12 PM; Release Date; Scheduled Release Date; Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin . Inmates incarcerated in the ADOC will be classified into groups by security level, custody, and program needs as defined in the ADOC Classification Manual. [citation needed] During the war, Sofia was flown by the Romanian Air Corps, which engaged on photoreconnaissance operations and threw propaganda pamphlets to the city. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. ", "Bulgarian Crime Where killing is a habit", "BBC NEWS Europe Romania and Bulgaria join the EU", Crime Rates in Bulgaria's Sofia on the Rise, " 10 000 , 7000 ", "UPDATE: Stallone Returning to NU BOYANA Film Studios in Bulgaria for 'Rambo 5', "Journey.bg History of the Sofia velodrome", "Swimming pools in Sofia (including Spa centers)", "Population | National statistical institute", " ", "Population and Demographic Processes in 2014 (Final data) National statistical institute", "Sofia ranks 30th in GDP/capita, employment growth 20132014 global report", "Global Metro Monitor An Uncertain recovery", "10 Top Cities Around The World To Launch Your Startup", "Regional gross domestic product (PPS per inhabitant at current market prices), by NUTS 3 regions", "Average monthly wages and salaries of the employees under labour contract by statistical regions and districts", "Coca-Cola Opens Its 2nd Largest Globally IT Center in Sofia", "VMware to invest 23M and Grow the Site in Sofia to over 1500 People", "Bosch Group Officially Opened its New Office in Sofia", "Financial Times Expands Its Team in Sofia", "The Software Company Experian Opened its New Office Building in Sofia", "American Control System Solutions Manufacturer Woodward Opens Production in Sofia", "Festo to Invest 25.6 mln. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. Any detainee who cannot be classified because of missing information at the time Several smaller parks, among which the Vazrazhdane Park, Zaimov Park, City Garden and the Doctors' Garden, are located in central Sofia. Technical assistance and information resources cover a wide range of jail administration and operational issues. The National History Museum, located in Boyana, it has a vast collection of more than 650,000 historical items dating from Prehistory to the modern era, although only 10,000 of them are permanently displayed due to the lack of space. The natural growth rate during 2009 was 0.2 per mile, the first positive growth rate in nearly 20 years. Sofia has been settled for many millennia. In 2012, it hosted the FIVB World League finals. Borisov Park is right in the center of the city, and South Park is next to the National Palace of Culture.